Proverb is one of the oldest types of cultural heritage and has a history older than poetry and calligraphy. PROVERBS act as the mirrors of the life of modem and past humans; therefore, they are considered authentic sources for studying the material and spiritual life. In order to provide a ground for proverb studies, first we have to take a close and detailed look at it. The aim of this article is to provide a scientific and precise classification of PROVERBS based on their language and expression, theme and content, rhythm and tone, aesthetics, prevalence and antiquity, volume, origin, root and the organization. This classification aims to pave the path for more precise study of the PROVERBS. At the beginning of the article, the value of each proverb is mentioned and a definition is provided, the components of which provide the basis for the classification. Then the existing classifications are cited and evaluated and at the end the writer's proposed classification is presented.

Since PERSIAN PROVERBS have a wide range of aethetic aspects, researchers have considered PROVERBS as a literary genre. This article discusses three dimensions of Aesthetic:1. Weight and rhyme of PERSIAN PROVERBS.2. Rhetorical dimensions in the field of meaning, expression and novel.3. Humorous Language and expression of PROVERBS.In order to show the quantity and quality of weight and rhyme in PERSIAN PROVERBS, a sample of one thousand PROVERBS was selected from five important sources. The result of statistical analyses showed that 52% of PROVERBS are prose and other 48% are rhythmic (33% prosodic weight, 7% Non-prosodic and 8% with the internal music).Then after this review of statistical analysis, we analyzed each of these sectors and presented examples. Considering the fact that PERSIAN PROVERBS in all aspects are close to the weight of folk poetry and by reviewing the comments of six folk poetry experts, PROVERBS have been described from this view point.Third section shows the role of audio elements and proportions and exquisite symmetries in making PERSIAN PROVERBS melodic. At the end we'll point to the important elements of humor and its tips.

Since PROVERBS are based on the life experiences of people, by studying them we can reconsider the social, cultural, and political structure of these ethnic groups. The political structure of Iran until constitutionalism is characterized by despotism, in which the king was on top of the pyramid of power and people were his slaves at the bottom. Despotic power, popularity of deterministic ideas, lack of intellectuality and philosophy in society, allegiance to the power relations, and lack of individualism are examples that during the history have formed PROVERBS and words that have damaged the foundation of any kind of intellectuality, social movement, and progress. PROVERBS as a representative of human thought and the most important role model for common people’s life have formed a considerable portion of Iranian’s language and culture. The purpose of this article is to analyze the background that has played a role in people’s yielding to despotism as is manifested in PROVERBS. It is concluded that despotism has cultural backgrounds rather than being the result of authority exercise and over the history has formed people’s language and thought.

Through research on contemporary PROVERBS in Arab countries, we discover significant similarities between them and PERSIAN PROVERBS. Sometimes, the degree of similarity of PROVERBS from certain countries with PERSIAN PROVERBS is higher than others, to the extent that a dissertation can be written on this topic. One of these countries is Syria, where an investigation into its PROVERBS reveals numerous commonalities with PERSIAN PROVERBS. This article explores some of these shared PROVERBS.

A majority of books and writings translated from PERSIAN literature include PERSIAN PROVERBS among which wisdom and advice are of high importance. These books, as we know, are translated as pieces of advice and wisdom from PERSIAN and are known as “book of advice”. This paper aims at showing that these books are among the basic principles of PERSIAN literature. Having studied historical and literary facts of the past, and referring to contemporary materials and resources, it is revealed that PERSIAN people have played a significant role in Arab literature and enriched it using their knowledge and findings. Reasons for this claim are the genius and great authors in different fields of science in the Arab world, and that Arabic has been so spread out in PERSIAN territories that it is widely used in poems as well as science. PERSIAN language and literature, however, has been influenced to a great extent by Arabic.

PERSIAN PROVERBS are one of the oldest literary examples that have influenced the speech and behavior of the iranian people since ancient times. due to the fact that PROVERBS are derived from the taste, knowledge and experience of different classes of society, their acceptance and popularity among the people has also been high. research in the PROVERBS of society helps to better understand different aspects of society's life and culture, and in this way, neglected aspects of public culture will be studied and investigated more precisely. some negative teachings and bad habits spread in a language through PROVERBS. this article has examined these aspects in PERSIAN PROVERBS and while emphasizing the existence of good teachings in most PERSIAN PROVERBS, it has also discussed the bad teachings of some of them. ridiculous jokes about the lands and the inhabitants of each land or its people, humiliation of those who have different religious beliefs, humiliation of some physical characteristics, ridicule of some family roles and especially women's roles, completely passive fatalism, justification of unpleasant behaviors such as intellectual tyranny and mocking jokes with some special names and similar negative teachings can be seen in PERSIAN PROVERBS

Allegory is an indirect expression which is based on simile: In this trope, the person uses a concrete entity to suggest his mentality which is usually an abstract concept. In old and modern rhetorics, allegory has been considered as a tool for imagery. Considering books on old and modern rhetorics and by investigating the PROVERBS in which allegory is used to make meaning accessible for the reader, it can be said that allegory and imagery do exit not only in simile-based PROVERBS but also in other types of PROVERBS. In other words, allegory is not just Tamsilia metaphor and it can be found even in ironic PROVERBS. Considering PROVERBS’ books, a proverb can have a simile orientation as well as metaphorical and ironic orientations. Even, a motto can become a proverb because of its prevalence among people. This article is a study about finding equivalence between PERSIAN and Arabic PROVERBS. One of the findings of this study is that hyperbole in Arabic allegories is much more than PERSIAN ones. Although many PROVERBS, have similar functions in the two languages, humane and animal fables have been produced in different forms like exemplum and equation format. In other words, if a proverb in PERSIAN has a equivalence in Arabic, the two PROVERBS are not necessarily of the same kind. Also, using an image for a characteristic and hyperbole in the characteristic can be added to the content of allergies.

As a "pillar of popular culture" and as a literary genre, proverb has been always paid attention by poets to the point that its utilization besides allegory and allusion is considered as one of stylistic features of PERSIAN Literature. Poets have not had same approach toward proverb in different historical periods of PERSIAN literature, and as the trajectory of literary history continues from the beginning until now, this approach gets more highlighted, especially in recent centuries due to the stronger literary links exist between language and folklore. The Indian Style can be considered as the turning point of proverb utilization in PERSIAN literature that made it a criterion to assess the poets' capability, and the poets of this period unveiled some new PROVERBS and other innovations in addition to common PROVERBS existed in poems. Bidel was one of those poets who considered a notable position for proverb and there are less of his sonnets with no proverb in it. Providing some examples of Bidel's verses, this study is to evaluate the rate and the quality of his impressibility from PERSIAN PROVERBS. The research has been accomplished on the basis of documentaries and library facilities by the method of content analysis and data classification.

PROVERBS are the subcategory of the people's culture and the people's culture is one of the important elements that form identity. Because of the role importance of PROVERBS in forming identity and reflecting the people's culture in making the personal and social identity, they are an important topic in studies concerning national identity. This research wants to show what is the role of PROVERBS in retlecting and supporting the national identity?To answer this question among different components of identity, we chose two components to analyze PROVERBS on the basis of these two categories:1- National components include: country, language. Fable, traditions and nations2- Religious components include: signs & traditions, terms, concepts, ceremonies & deeds, religious names and places and concepts. After theoretical introduction of the discussion, we chose twelve proofs of national and religious identity among one hundred thousand PERSIAN PROVERBS that are being published to classify and categorize them and to show their reflections in the PROVERBS. These studies show in the area of national components 1538 PROVERBS and religious components 6800 PROVERBS, there are 8338 PROVERBS in all that allude to the national and religious subject directly.These numbers insist on this important point that PROVERBS are the mirror of culture and people's thoughts and include their experimental wisdom that derive from two important religious and national resources. These two from 8.5% of total number of PERSIAN PROVERBS and this bulk is the sign of.

PROVERBS of Iranian parables are an important part of Iranian identity and culture. Dari PROVERBS have gone through a series of changes in terms and concepts. The language of Dari (Zoroastrian language of Iran), which remains today, is helping similar semi-similar, different or opposing examples of PERSIAN language. The rich PERSIAN language with the language of Dari has a lot of points of sharing and similarity. The collection of PROVERBS in Dari language will help to preserve this language at risk. Another important issue is to discover the similarities and differences between Dari and PERSIAN language. The method of compiling the materials is in the Field Study Style and in the library. The study field of this research has been conducted over twenty years / two decades of continuous and continuous interviews. Dari's PROVERBS have been collected and used by Zoroastrians in Iran for the last twenty years.